Maritime ports handle 90% of global trade, but they face growing challenges like climate change, stricter regulations, and rising environmental concerns. Here's how ports can adapt to stay competitive and resilient:

• Cut Emissions: Invest in electric cargo handling equipment, shore power systems, and renewable energy like solar and wind. These can reduce emissions by up to 95%.

• Meet Regulations: Comply with policies like the IMO's Net-Zero Framework, EPA's Clean Air Act, and California's At-Berth Regulation to avoid penalties and improve environmental performance.

• Build Resilient Infrastructure: Upgrade for rising sea levels and extreme weather with flood-resistant designs, stormwater management, and natural solutions like wetlands and mangroves.

• Leverage Technology: Use AI to optimize vessel traffic, blockchain for supply chain transparency, and digital twins to model climate impacts and test infrastructure changes.

• Collaborate with Partners: Work with local communities, transportation networks, and government agencies to secure funding, reduce emissions, and align with broader goals.

The bottom line: Ports that innovate with cleaner energy, smarter technology, and stronger infrastructure will lead global trade in a rapidly changing world.

Ports Leading the Way on Mitigation and Resilience

Meeting New Policies and Regulations

The rules governing U.S. ports are changing quickly, pushing ports to adapt in ways that not only meet legal requirements but also position them as leaders in sustainable maritime operations. With over 31 million people living within 3.1 miles of major U.S. ports, the pressure to address environmental concerns is greater than ever [3]. These changes present an opportunity to adopt new practices that ensure compliance while improving efficiency.

Key U.S. Regulations You Should Know

The Clean Air Act (CAA) plays a big role in regulating emissions from diesel engines, marine vessel loading, paint coatings, and port equipment. By 2030, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) aims to reduce particulate matter by 380,000 tons and nitrous oxides by 7 million tons each year, with projected benefits of over $290 billion compared to an estimated $15 billion in costs [2].

The Clean Water Act (CWA) focuses on controlling pollutant discharges into navigable waters through the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit program. Additionally, the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) requires federal agencies to evaluate the environmental impact of federally funded projects [2]. These regulations align with broader goals to promote sustainable growth in port operations. Meanwhile, the Diesel Emissions Reduction Act (DERA) offers grants to help ports modernize older engines and cut diesel emissions [2].

"People living and working near ports across the country will breathe cleaner air and live better lives as a result of bold steps taken through a collaboration of industry, government and communities to improve environmental performance and increase economic prosperity." [2]

To stay ahead, maritime leaders can explore resources like the EPA Ports Initiative website, which provides funding opportunities, webinars, and stakeholder events. Another helpful tool is Portcompliance.org, developed by the National Center for Manufacturing Sciences and EPA Region 2, which offers practical compliance guidance [2].

Global Maritime Emission Standards

U.S. ports also need to consider international regulations. The International Maritime Organization (IMO) has introduced a carbon pricing system set to take effect in April 2025. This initiative requires vessels of 5,000 gross tonnage or more to measure their greenhouse gas fuel intensity against a 2008 baseline of 93.3 gCO₂eq per megajoule [4].

The system includes two compliance tiers. The Base Target begins with a 4% reduction by 2028, increasing to 8% in 2030 and 30% by 2035. The Direct Compliance Target is stricter, starting with a 17% reduction in 2028, 21% in 2030, and 43% by 2035. Non-compliant vessels face penalties of $100 per tonne CO₂eq for Tier 1 violations and $380 per tonne CO₂eq for Tier 2 violations [4]. This system is expected to generate $10 billion annually, with much of it reinvested in decarbonization efforts [4].

However, critics argue that these measures may only result in an 8% reduction in emissions by 2030, falling short of the IMO's 20% target [4]. To meet these requirements, U.S. ports need to upgrade infrastructure to accommodate compliant ships. Port State Control inspections will enforce these standards, making compliance a key operational priority.

Regional Policy Changes

In addition to global mandates, regional policies are shaping port operations. The European Union's "Fit for 55" package is designed to align regulations with 2030 climate goals and achieve climate neutrality by 2050 [1]. Emission Control Areas (ECAs) enforce the use of compliant fuels and advanced emission controls, impacting both vessel selection and port services [5]. U.S. ports involved in transatlantic trade must also keep an eye on national zoning plans to maintain access to critical shipping routes and avoid potential legal issues [4].

"President Trump has made it clear that the US will not accept any international environmental agreement that unduly or unfairly burdens the US or the interests of the American people." [6]

Forward-thinking port operators are adapting to these regulatory shifts by leveraging tariffs, national rules, and available incentives to reduce costs and improve trade route efficiency [4]. Ports capable of accommodating both EU-compliant and standard vessels stand to gain a competitive edge as shipping companies prioritize flexibility in their routing options.

The EPA collaborates with agencies like the U.S. Coast Guard, NOAA, and the Department of State to represent U.S. interests at the IMO, ensuring American ports remain competitive while adhering to international standards [5]. As shipping activity increases in sensitive areas like the Arctic and Antarctic, ports will face even stricter environmental expectations [5]. Meeting these challenges through renewable energy and advanced technologies will be critical to securing long-term success.

Adding Renewable Energy and Electric Systems

Switching to renewable energy and electric systems not only cuts emissions but also helps lower long-term costs. This change tackles environmental challenges while setting ports up for financial stability, especially as traditional fuel prices remain unpredictable.

Electric Cargo Handling Equipment

Cargo handling equipment is a major contributor to port emissions, making it a key area for improvement. At the Ports of Los Angeles and Long Beach, it accounts for over 15% of emissions [8]. Transitioning to electric options like yard tractors and top handlers significantly reduces energy use. For instance, electric yard tractors consume just 15.2 kWh compared to 65.9 kWh for their diesel counterparts, and electric top handlers use 66.9 kWh compared to 139.1–204.8 kWh. These upgrades can save up to $3,000 annually per vehicle [11][9]. On top of that, electric systems run more quietly, at 75–83 dB, and eliminate the risk of oil leaks common with hydraulic systems [13].

Sal Zambrano, Harbor Engineer and Chief of Design at the Port of Los Angeles, puts it this way:

"California is always the tip of the spear; we are slaying the dragon first. If we can demonstrate that we can make it work and that it's a viable solution, then others will jump in because they will know it's a cost-effective solution the industry can embrace." [12]

Some ports are already leading the charge. The TraPac terminal at the Port of Los Angeles uses automation, including automated stacking cranes and autonomous guided vehicles, to boost efficiency and cut emissions. Similarly, the Port of Qingdao in China has adopted automated gate systems with facial recognition and RFID technology, increasing container handling productivity by 36% and reducing operating costs by 25% [15]. Prioritizing the replacement of older, heavily used cargo handling equipment can deliver even greater benefits [14]. By 2030, it’s estimated that 60% of cargo handling equipment sales in sectors like seaports and airports will be electric. Zero-emissions yard tractors and RTG cranes are already cost-competitive with diesel models [9][8].

Beyond equipment upgrades, shore power systems offer another way to cut emissions.

Shore Power Systems for Docked Ships

Shore power systems, also known as cold ironing, allow ships to connect to land-based electricity while docked. This enables them to shut off their auxiliary engines, reducing emissions by up to 95% for at-berth vessels [19]. For example, a single container vessel can require around 4,000 kWh of electricity per hour while docked. Larger ships, like cruise liners or container vessels, can cut fuel use and emissions by up to 10% by connecting to shore power [18].

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency highlights the impact of this technology:

"Shore power infrastructure has the potential to significantly reduce emissions by enabling vessels to turn off their engines, and instead plug into the local electricity grid to power auxiliary systems while at berth." [16]

However, implementing shore power involves collaboration among various stakeholders. Retrofitting a ship for shore power costs at least $1 million and requires dry dock time [19]. Ports like the Port of Long Beach have already invested over $185 million in shore power infrastructure [19]. Systems need to be flexible, with connection points that accommodate ships of different sizes and allow for future expansion to additional terminals [16]. Efficient scheduling and pre-approval processes ensure that vessels - numbering over 2,635 in the fleet - can connect without disrupting operations [17][16].

Pairing shore power with renewable energy sources creates an even cleaner and more efficient system.

Renewable Energy Sources for Ports

Ports are in a prime position to leverage renewable energy, thanks to their proximity to coastal load centers and offshore resources [20]. The cost of renewable energy has dropped significantly. By 2023, solar photovoltaic costs fell to about 4 cents per kWh, making solar power 56% cheaper than fossil fuels and nuclear energy [20].

The benefits are clear. Solar panels at the Port of Long Beach have cut electricity use in half, saving up to $1.2 million. Similarly, the Port of Los Angeles has installed nearly 3 MW of solar panels, powering about one-sixth of its operations [20]. The Port of Rotterdam has taken an ambitious approach, installing 89 MWp of rooftop solar and planning Europe’s largest floating solar park [20].

Wind energy is another promising option. In 2024, wind became the UK’s top energy source, providing 30% of the country’s electricity. With over 10 GW of offshore wind capacity in 2023, the UK plans to expand to 60 GW by 2030. Offshore wind farms, like the Hornsea One project with its 174 turbines, can power more than a million homes [20].

To make the most of renewable energy, ports should first assess their current energy use and emissions to identify savings opportunities [10]. Exploring options like solar, wind, and geothermal energy can reveal the best fit for their needs. Globally, renewable energy saved $409 billion in fuel costs and supported 16.2 million jobs in 2023 [20]. Partnering with renewable energy firms and academic institutions can further ease the transition, especially as renewables are projected to make up 60% of new power generation capacity by 2040 [20].

Building Ports That Survive Climate Change

Climate change poses a serious threat to global trade, putting $67 billion in commerce at risk annually due to extreme weather events [24]. Rising sea levels, stronger storms, and erratic weather patterns make it clear that outdated port designs are no longer sufficient. To safeguard critical infrastructure, ports are turning to both engineered solutions and nature-based methods, which not only protect facilities but also deliver strong financial returns. The urgency for these adaptations is undeniable.

"The most significant climate impact risk to ports is rising mean sea level." – Giulia Sforzi, Principal Engineer, HR Wallingford [24]

A few ports are already taking action. For example, the Port of Miami restored 40 acres of mangroves at Oleta River State Park and relocated coral to enhance resilience. Meanwhile, the Port of Long Beach included concrete barrier walls as part of its Climate Adaptation and Coastal Resiliency Plan [22].

Flood-Resistant Designs

Rising sea levels and storm surges demand infrastructure that can withstand extreme conditions. Elevating critical assets and installing protective barriers are key strategies. Take the Port of Baltimore, which used a TIGER grant to build a concrete stormwater management system capable of handling heavy rainfall. The same funding also helped elevate essential port structures to counter sea level rise [22].

Andy Raichle, Executive Vice President of Marine Engineering and Climate Resiliency at Bowman, highlights the challenge:

"Resiliency is fundamentally about the ability to recover from adversity, and we are often tasked with determining the 'right' level of protection." [23]

Across the Atlantic, the Port of Immingham in the UK installed new outer lock gates with higher crest heights to guard against storm surges [24]. These examples show how risk assessments and updated design standards can pinpoint vulnerabilities and minimize costly disruptions when extreme weather strikes. But structural upgrades are just one piece of the puzzle - managing water flow is equally critical.

Stormwater Management Solutions

Handling stormwater effectively is essential for both port operations and the surrounding environment. Many ports are blending traditional concrete systems with green infrastructure to achieve this balance. For instance:

• The Port of Portland uses rain gardens and vegetated swales.

• The Port of Seattle incorporates oyster shells to filter runoff.

• Aurora's rain gardens saved $1.8 million in costs.

• Chicago's green roofs capture over 85 million gallons of stormwater annually.

• The Georgia Port Authority wetlands treat 100 million gallons of water each year [22][21].

These solutions benefit both the environment and the bottom line. For example, Aurora's rain gardens not only manage stormwater but also deliver significant cost savings, while Chicago's green roofs provide large-scale water capture. Pairing these systems with natural defenses can amplify their impact.

Natural Coastal Protection

Nature-based solutions often provide a more cost-effective alternative to traditional infrastructure. Coastal wetlands in the U.S., for example, deliver an estimated $23.2 billion in storm protection annually. In the Gulf region, wetland and reef restoration projects offer $7 in flood-reduction benefits for every $1 spent [21]. Research shows that:

• A 328-ft stretch of mangroves can reduce wave heights by 13%–66%, with complete dissipation over 1,640 ft.

• Marshlands absorb up to 50% of wave energy over just 15 ft.

• Healthy coral reefs dissipate 97% of wave energy and 84% of wave height [25][21].

Real-world examples illustrate these benefits. In Mobile Bay, Alabama, oyster reef restoration is projected to cut wave heights by 51–90% and wave energy by 76–99%, while adding $8.4 million to the local economy [21]. Similarly, wetland restoration in Clear Lake, Texas, helped shield residents from flooding during Hurricane Harvey [21]. At the Port of San Diego, a pilot project with ECOncrete is testing environmentally friendly concrete solutions that enhance habitat value, stabilize shorelines, and guard against coastal flooding [22].

Nature-based solutions have the potential to mitigate over 45% of climate-related risks in the Gulf region over the next 20 years, potentially saving more than $50 billion in flood damages [21]. For ports aiming to combine cost-effectiveness with robust protection, integrating these natural approaches alongside traditional engineering is a strategy worth exploring.

Using Technology for Better Port Operations

Digital technology is reshaping port operations, enhancing efficiency while reducing environmental impact. With maritime shipping responsible for about 4% of global greenhouse gas emissions [28], adopting smart tools is a game-changer. These tools can cut emissions, ease vessel congestion, improve supply chain visibility, and even support climate adaptation - delivering both environmental and economic benefits. Let’s dive into how AI, blockchain, and digital twins are making this transformation possible.

AI-Powered Traffic Optimization

Artificial intelligence is revolutionizing how ports handle vessel traffic, tackling inefficiencies that lead to wasted fuel and excess emissions. According to a 2022 World Bank study, delays caused by inefficient port operations contribute significantly to fuel and emission waste [26].

The Maritime and Port Authority of Singapore (MPA) is leading the way with its cutting-edge AI initiatives. Starting in August 2022, MPA began developing a 5G mobile network for its port. By mid-2025, this network aims to provide full coverage across key areas, supporting the Next Generation Vessel Traffic Management System (NGVTMS). This AI-driven system identifies traffic bottlenecks and alerts vessels to avoid congestion, reducing docking delays, cutting fuel use, and lowering emissions [26].

Optimized scheduling is another area where AI shines. The Port of Rotterdam demonstrated that just-in-time (JIT) arrival scheduling can cut fuel consumption and emissions by 14% per voyage [26]. On a global scale, AI-driven navigation could help the shipping industry eliminate 47 million tons of carbon emissions annually [27].

"In the short term, it can lead to fewer crew members on the bridge, while those who are on the bridge will have a reduced workload and more attention to tackle complex navigational tasks, optimizing the voyage and reducing fuel and emissions." – Yarden Gross, CEO of Orca AI [27]

AI-powered navigation also improves routing efficiency. By minimizing route deviations, it could save 38.2 million nautical miles per year, reduce close encounters in open waters by 33%, and save ships an average of $100,000 in fuel costs per voyage [27].

Blockchain for Supply Chain Transparency

Blockchain technology is addressing one of the maritime industry's toughest challenges: tracking emissions and ensuring accountability across complex supply chains. Several European ports are already testing blockchain-based systems. For instance, the Port of Rotterdam uses DELIVER, the Port of Antwerp has NxtPort, and the Port of Valencia operates the Valencian Port PCS [31]. These platforms create transparent, tamper-proof records of cargo movements and emissions data, streamlining operations and cutting costs.

However, blockchain is not a one-size-fits-all solution. It works best when multiple stakeholders need a trustworthy, unchangeable data system. As one industry expert explains:

"Blockchain should only be used if a large number of people are involved and if there is a limited amount of trust between them, but there are clear incentives to work together, and if data needs to be immutable. Blockchain can cope with high coordination and establishes trust between parties. However, it requires a clear incentive and if it does not actually add value, then it could be a great waste of time and energy to invest in it." [30]

Port authorities play a critical role in encouraging collaboration by setting standards for digital ports, managing access to blockchain applications, and promoting education to overcome resistance to new technologies [29][30].

Digital Twins for Climate Impact Modeling

Digital twin technology provides ports with a virtual testing ground to simulate climate scenarios and explore infrastructure changes before making costly investments. These digital replicas can model conditions like sea-level rise and extreme weather, helping port managers make informed decisions about future-proofing their facilities.

For example, a study at the Pusan Newport International Terminal in South Korea found that using a digital twin could reduce carbon emissions by over 75% compared to traditional operations. In the Netherlands, a project integrated dynamic flood models into a 3D Digital Twin to prepare for sea-level rises of up to 6.6 feet by 2100 [26][33].

"Innovative technologies like 3D Digital Twins can bridge the gap between complex data and clear insights, allowing everyone, regardless of expertise, to make well-informed decisions." – Joep Grispen, Director of Technology at Nelen & Schuurmans [33]

Other examples include the Port of Rotterdam’s Digital Twin, which enhances berth safety by combining hydrodynamic calculations with weather forecasts [32], and the Port of Corpus Christi’s real-time digital replica, which improves asset management and emergency response [34]. These advancements, alongside renewable energy efforts, are pushing ports toward a more efficient and resilient future.

Working Together with Partners

Building better ports isn't just about technology or infrastructure - it’s about forming strong partnerships. Sustainable ports rely on collaboration with communities, transportation networks, and government agencies to reduce environmental impact and secure lasting support.

Working with Local Communities

Engaging with local communities is a cornerstone for success. Establishing formal channels for community input ensures that environmental justice and planning efforts are inclusive and impactful.

Take the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey’s JFK Redevelopment Program as an example. In October 2018, it launched the JFK Redevelopment Community Advisory Council, co-chaired by U.S. Rep. Gregory Meeks and Queens Borough President Donovan Richards. This council includes local leaders - elected officials, clergy, business representatives, and others - who actively shape the redevelopment plans [35].

Additionally, the program’s Community Outreach Team runs a Community Information Center in Jamaica, Queens, connected to JFK Airport via the AirTrain. This center allows residents to interact directly with terminal developers, contractors, and compliance consultants, ensuring their voices are heard [37]. The team also organizes a summer camp for middle schoolers, focusing on topics like climate change, renewable energy, and environmental justice [37].

Other ports are adopting similar strategies. For instance, Omaha's Inland Port Authority has a community advisory committee that works alongside its board to guide economic development initiatives within the 300-mile inland port district in northeast Omaha [36].

Partnering with Transportation Networks

Improving connections between ports, railroads, and trucking networks is essential for cutting emissions. Trucks alone contribute 65% of freight-related emissions, and the transportation sector as a whole accounts for about 15% of global greenhouse gas emissions [39].

Collaborations with transportation providers are already yielding results. For example, Greenplan uses advanced geotracking and predictive analytics to cut emissions by 10–20% while boosting efficiency by 20–40% [38]. Similarly, Manhattan Active Omni’s Smarter Pallet Fill algorithms increase truck load efficiency by up to 7%, reducing trips [38]. AutoO2’s AI-powered load-matching system consolidates shipments, lowering carbon emissions and cutting costs by 5–10% [38].

Real-world successes further highlight the impact. In 2022, FedEx saved 150 million gallons of jet fuel by upgrading its aircraft fleet and implementing conservation measures. IKEA also achieved significant reductions in CO₂ emissions in Finland by using trucks that carry two high-capacity containers instead of one [40].

"We have created a diversified portfolio of initiatives and solutions, short- and long-term simultaneously, with the same sense of urgency. We want to engage with others and collaborate to find better solutions, advocate policy change, and take further actions."
– Elisabeth Munck, Head of Sustainability at IKEA Supply Chain Operations [40]

As urban last-mile delivery is projected to grow by 78% by 2030, these partnerships will become even more vital [40]. They also open doors for better integration with federal programs and policies.

Coordinating with Government Agencies

Federal partnerships bring vital funding and regulatory expertise to the table. Knowing which agencies to collaborate with - and aligning projects with their goals - can make all the difference.

The EPA’s Ports Initiative, for instance, connects ports, communities, and government bodies to improve environmental outcomes while supporting economic growth [41]. In 2024, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency awarded nearly $3 billion in Clean Ports Program grants to ports across 27 states and territories [43].

Another major funding source is the Port Infrastructure Development Program (PIDP). Through the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act, $2.25 billion has been allocated to this program over five years, with $500 million available in discretionary grants for fiscal year 2025 [42].

Federal agencies assess grant applications partly based on the strength of community engagement efforts. Ports that have already established local partnerships are better positioned to secure funding [43]. Additionally, since Scope 3 emissions can account for up to 90% of a port’s total emissions, implementing comprehensive tracking and reporting systems is critical [44]. Some ports are adopting subscription-based models for real-time emissions monitoring, offering transparency without significant upfront costs.

The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers also provides opportunities for collaboration, particularly in dredged material reuse and coastal resilience projects. These efforts turn routine maintenance into environmental benefits while sharing costs across agencies.

The most successful ports approach these collaborations as long-term commitments. Regular communication, joint planning, and shared objectives create a solid foundation for sustainable port operations.

Conclusion: Your Plan for Better Port Infrastructure

To prepare port infrastructure for the future, it's crucial to strike the right balance between economic growth and environmental responsibility. With over 80% of global trade relying on maritime transport, sustainable port development isn't just an option - it's a necessity for both economic progress and the health of our planet [7]. A solid approach can be built around five key strategies:

• Adopt and enforce environmental regulations with targeted incentives. Ports like Gothenburg and Vancouver are leading the way, offering electric power incentives for berthed ships and implementing clean fuel initiatives to encourage greener practices [7].

• Integrate renewable energy and electrification. By incorporating renewable energy systems, ports can reduce emissions by up to 95%. For instance, Renewable Energy Community models have shown they can achieve 90% self-consumption of renewable energy with a payback period of just three years [10][47].

• Develop climate-resilient infrastructure. Ports must be equipped to handle environmental challenges like flooding, storms, and rising sea levels while maintaining operational efficiency [46].

• Leverage technology to optimize operations. Tools like AI, blockchain, and digital twins can streamline energy use and provide better visibility into environmental performance [7].

• Build strong partnerships. Collaborations with communities, transportation networks, and government agencies can drive meaningful change. For example, the California Port Data Partnership, launched in 2024, demonstrates how teamwork can deliver economic, environmental, and logistical improvements [48].

By focusing on these areas, ports can implement clear, measurable action plans to cut emissions and bolster resilience.

Sustainable port operations also offer a competitive edge. With maritime transport responsible for about 3% of global greenhouse gas emissions and developing nations depending on shipping for 55% of exports and 61% of imports [45], prioritizing sustainability can influence global trade flows in a big way. Start by establishing an emissions baseline and rolling out a phased plan for decarbonization. This should include renewable energy adoption, resilient infrastructure, and strong partnerships. Transparent performance tracking will ensure real, measurable progress.

The ports that succeed in the future will be those that seamlessly blend operational efficiency with environmental care.

FAQs

How can ports adopt new technologies while staying compliant with environmental regulations?

Ports have the opportunity to adopt cutting-edge technologies while staying aligned with environmental regulations by prioritizing smart and thoughtful solutions. For instance, real-time monitoring systems can keep tabs on emissions and water quality, ensuring regulatory compliance without causing operational delays.

By investing in eco-friendly technologies - such as zero-emission equipment and renewable energy sources - ports can minimize their environmental footprint while meeting required standards. Partnering with technology providers can also spark innovation, helping ports balance operational efficiency with environmental responsibility, setting the stage for long-term sustainable progress.

What financial benefits can ports expect by switching to renewable energy and electric systems?

Investing in renewable energy and electric systems can help ports save a lot of money in the long run. Take electric vehicles, for instance - they can cut energy use by up to 70% compared to traditional fuel-powered equipment. On top of that, switching to electric systems often means lower operating and maintenance costs. Some ports even generate their own electricity, adding another layer of financial benefit.

There are also plenty of grants, tax breaks, and subsidies available to support renewable energy projects. These can make a big difference in improving a port's long-term financial health. By embracing these technologies, ports not only trim their expenses but also establish themselves as forward-thinking leaders in environmental efforts.

How can ports work with local communities and government agencies to promote sustainability and secure funding for infrastructure improvements?

Ports have a unique opportunity to address environmental challenges and secure funding for infrastructure upgrades by forming meaningful partnerships with local communities and government agencies. These collaborations ensure that projects are in sync with community goals, such as cutting emissions, enhancing air quality, and boosting local economic development.

Programs like the Clean Ports Program and the Port Infrastructure Development Program (PIDP) provide critical funding options for ports focused on sustainability. By involving stakeholders early and often, ports can strategically prioritize initiatives that achieve both environmental and economic objectives, paving the way for lasting benefits for the maritime industry and nearby communities.